Lithium ion batteries are more stable than lithium metal batteries, but they can still generate heat, catch fire or even explode. They use lithium ions found in lithium compounds to create a chemical reaction. Lithium ion batteries are usually rechargeable. Lithium metal batteries are almost always single-use, non-rechargeable batteries. Types of Lithium Batteries and Their Hazards They can also produce irritating and toxic fumes. Fires involving lithium batteries can be difficult to extinguish. This can happen for many reasons, such as external heat sources, internal shorts, or other malfunctions. However, storing energy is inherently dangerous, and batteries can overheat through a process called “thermal runaway.” This means that the temperature and pressure inside one or more battery cells increases faster than the heat can be dissipated. Batteries of all types are useful because they allow us to store energy for use whenever it is needed. They include pretty much all computers, cell phones, cordless tools, watches, cameras, flashlights, some medical devices, and vehicles ranging from golf carts, electric cars, airplanes and many others. Lithium batteries are used in many devices present in the workplace. But proper use, handling and storage are important for keeping workers safe on the job. U.S.Lithium batteries are used for many things, and they are very safe. Hazards may occur but it is the response that determines the seriousness of the outcome. If an emergency occurs, make sure your employees have been trained to follow the emergency response plan and hazardous safety guidelines. ![]() If in doubt, follow up with the manufacturer directly before transporting or storing goods. Documentation and labeling must be provided to everyone as the batteries move through the supply chain. These should be thorough and clear, according to the regulations. They are required by federal regulation to provide all handling and transportation safety requirements. Among the regulations, lithium-ion batteries require proper labeling, employee training and emergency response information.īottom line, warehouses and transporters should follow a manufacturer’s instructions. There are several shipping guides based on the packaging of lithium-ion batteries and their size. These tests account for transportation impacts including altitude, forced discharge, overcharge, thermal test, vibration, shock, impact, crush, or external short circuit. ![]() Those tests must meet UN 38.3 test requirements. Lithium-ion batteries present electrical and chemical hazards if not properly transported based on HMR standards.īefore transportation occurs, lithium-ion batteries must have a valid battery test summary available to others while moving through the supply chain. Department of Transportation’s (DOT’s) Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR 49 C.F.R., Parts 171-180). Lithium-ion batteries are regulated as a hazardous material under the U.S. A water-based (Class D) fire extinguisher should NOT be used to distinguish a battery fire. If a lithium-ion battery fire occurs, use a CO2 (Class BC) or dry chemical (Class ABC) fire extinguisher. It is recommended that the facility has a fire suppression system in storage areas. If the battery is leaking fluids, do not touch the fluids while disposing of the battery properly. Avoid exposure of batteries to vibration or shock. Do not disassemble, puncture, or crush the batteries. In multi-customer facilities, batteries should be stored in a cool and dry area separate from other goods.īatteries must be handled with delicate care in transport or during repacking. This design is related to the charging mechanism and preventing damage to the batteries. ![]() ![]() Proper storage may also require specialized racking systems or crates. Regardless of the charge, cell voltage should be monitored to somewhere between 2.0 – 4.1 volts. A fully charged battery loses capacity at a faster rate and can cause internal heat damage, whereas fully discharged batteries tend to freeze more easily. Generally, lithium-ion batteries are safely stored at 40% charge, but the manufacturer should specify the optimal charge level. Storage at optimal temperature levels ensures a longer battery lifespan. If battery temperature is compromised it can lead to fire, injury, and property damage. Warehouses must have temperature-controlled storage options to ensure a reasonable temperature is maintained especially during summer and winter months. The recommended storage temperature for lithium-ion batteries is 59 degrees Fahrenheit.
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